Xirfadaha aqoonta akhriska iyo qoraalka ee dugsiyada dhexe iyo sare oo kor loo qaadaa waxay caawisaa diyaarisaana mustaqbalka ardayda, taas oo ay ku hawlgalaan waqtiga ay jaamacaddaha ku jiraan. Qoraalkan waxaan ku soo bandhiyaa qaar ka mid ah xirfadaha/strategies looga baahan yahay dusiyada dhexe iyo sare/Higher Grade Students inay baraan ardaydooda kuwaas oo kala ah:

Direct Explicit Comprehension Instruction-Fahansiinta Cad ee Toosan-

Xirfadan waxay ardayda Baraysaa habka dib u curinta/summarizing,garashada habka qoraalladu u qoran yihiin, , kala garashada shaxannada la isticmaalay/graphic organizers, iyo rogaal celinta aqoonta la bartay/prior knowledge. Sida ugu waxtarka weyn ee loo siticmaalayo waa macallinka oo tusa ardayda qaabka ay u socdaan/modeling each strategy, isagoo u sheegaya sababta ay u isticmaalayaan xaaladdaa gaarka ah, siinayana tababar/practice badan isagoo isla markaa isticmaalaya qoraallo kala duwan.

Tababarkan iyo sharaxaddaa ka dib waa in macallinku uga baxaa ardayda markuu arko inay iswadi karaan kelidood/using the strategy independently.

Teaching Reading in content Areas/Barista Akhriska Maaddadaha-

Tani waxay la xidhiidhaa barista ardayda qaabka fahanka/teaching comprehension strategies, (tusaale ahaan; soo koobista mawduuca/outlining) iyadoo macallinku isticmaalayo akhriska qoraalka maaddooyinka kala duwan sida science, xisaabta iyo social studies. Macallimiinta strategy ga ay adeegsan karaan waa word identification, visual imagery/sawir-muuqaal, self-questioning, iyo paraphrasing/dib u qorista waxay ardaydu fahmeen iyagoo isticmaalaya kalmadadahooda iyagoo aan u odhan sida qoraalka uu yidhi).

Improving Motivation/Kor Qaadka Nafsadda- Ardayda marwalbooy ay ka gudbaan fasal waxay qaar badani go’aansadaan inaanay ku wanaagsananyn akhriska. Iska dhaadhicintaa oo noqota mid joogta ah ayaa sababta ardaygu inuu ku tago qirsanaadana inaanu ku wacnayn akhriska oo uu aanu isku taxalujin. Cilmi baaris ku saabsan arrintan ayaa kula talinaysaa inuu macallinku isku dayo dariiqan soo socda:

· Inuu siiyo ardayga inuu akhriyo wuxuu doono/choice in the what they read;

· Inuu sameeyo waqti wax akhrista-xorta ah inta schoolka la joogo. Building independent reading time during school time.

· Inuu u oggolaado ardayda inay doortaan baaris qoraal ah. Research in writing topics.

· Inuu dejiyo himilo-qoraal/literacy goal, iyo habkuu u gaadhi lahaa.

· In ardayda laga wergeliyo horumarkooda iyo intay u jiraan himiladooda/goal.

Cooperative Learning/Barashada Wadashaqaynta-Tani waa ardayda oo u wada akhrida ama u qora labo labo, ama koox koox-small groups. BW waxay si goonni ah loogu isticmaalaa ardayda waaweyn (grades 4-12), ardayda baranaysa luqadaha labaad sida ESL, iyo aradayda ay ku adagtay waxbarashada-students with learning disabilities.

Tutoring/CaawintaArdayga-Sida ugu weyn ee lagaga caawin karo ardayda liidata/struggling students waa iyadoo loola shaqeeyo goonni ahaan/individual attention, xoogna la saaro kobcinta akhriska,qoraalka, iyo gaadhista siday keligood isu wadi la haayeen-read,write and learn independently.

A variety of Texts/Isticmaalka Buuggaag Kala Duwan-Fasalwalba ama library waa in laga helaa buugaag kala duwan oo kukala qoran habab kala duwan/styles, genres,iyo qoraallo ku saabsan maaddooyinka ay dhiganaya/content areas taas oo dhiirrigelinaysa barashada akhriska kala duwan. Waxaa muhiim ah in akhrisku noqdo mid ku habboon da’dooda/age appropriate books, iyo heerkooda waxbarasho ee ay marayaan, isla markaana ah buuggaag xiiso leh soona jiita dhiirri-geliyana akhriskooda iyo barashadooda.

Intensive Writing/Isticmaalka Qoraallada Culus- Ardayda waa inay ugu yaraan wax qoraan (2 ½ saacadood wiig walba, qoraalkan oo ah mid sharax cad leh/instructed) waxay kor u qaadayaan xirfadahooda qoraal, fahan/comprehension skills, kala qaybinta qoraallada, ku-dabaqaadda akhriska maaddooyinka ay dhiganayaan, iyo ka faallaynta waxay akhriyeen/critical thinking. Qoraalka ugu wanaagsani wuxuu noqonayaa ka ay la socoto lehna ujeeddo iyo midho dhal caddaan ah/clear objectives and expectations (tusaale ahaan, isticmaal more figurative language), iyo ardayda oo wadaagta qoraalkooda si ay u arkaan faraqooda.

Ongiong Formative Assessment/Isticmaalka Ogaanshaha Joogtada ah-Waxbaristu waxay u baahantay inay lahaato ogaansho/assessment lagu eegayo ardayga wuxuu ku wanaagsanyay iyo wuxuu ku liito/student’s specific strengths and weaknesses, dabadeedna uu macallinku u diyaariyo plan iyo habkii loo mari lahaa qorshahaa.

Waxaan ku dari lahaa class strategies aan kor ku xusay oo muhiim ah kuwan hoose:

• In dugsiyadu aasaasaan barnaamij akhris-qoraal/A comprehensive and coordinated literacy program.
• In la kordhiyo xoogna la saaro saacadaha literacy ga (ilaa 10 saacadood wiigiiba)
• In macalimiinta la siiyo barnaamijyo ay kor ugu qaadayaan aqoontooda-professional development
•  Macallimiinta oo koox koox isula shaqaysa isweydaarsadana aqoontooda
• Iyo maamulka dugsiyada oo kor u qaada aqoontooda maamul.

Mohamed Sudi Hassan

Educational Consultant

Boston, USA